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3.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 71(2): 246-253, mar.-abr. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-483035

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine prevalence and causes of visual impairment, blindness, ocular disorders and cataract surgery outcomes in a low-income elderly population from a metropolitan area in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Observational study where 801 individuals of 60 years and older underwent presented and best corrected visual acuity measurements as well as ophthalmologic examination. Definition of blindness and visual impairment followed studies conducted in Nepal, China and India. RESULTS: The prevalence of presented and best-corrected visual acuity worse than 20/400 in both eyes was 1.38 percent (95 percent CI: 0.69 percent - 2.45 percent) and 1.25 percent (95 percent CI: 0.60 percent - 2.29 percent). Prevalence of visual impairment considering presented and best-corrected visual acuity was, respectively, 24.16 percent (95 percent CI: 21.22 percent - 27.28 percent) and 12.77 percent (95 percent CI: 10.53 percent - 15.28 percent). Cataract was the main cause of blindness (30.00 percent) and visual impairment (54.90 percent). A total of 54 participants (6.74 percent) had previous cataract surgery and, with best-corrected visual acuity, 35.12 percent showed visual acuity better than 20/60 in both eyes. Rates of visual impairment and blindness in this low-income elderly population were high. There was a considerable decrease in prevalence after optical correction emphasizing the importance of uncorrected refractive errors. CONCLUSION: Cataract was the main cause of blindness; poor visual outcomes in eyes previously operated for cataract reinforce the need to seek good quality cataract services and to provide careful postoperative follow-up.


OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e causas de deficiência visual, cegueira além dos resultados de cirurgia de catarata numa população idosa de baixa renda de São Miguel Paulista, distrito da cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional no qual a acuidade visual apresentada e com a melhor correção óptica foi medida em 801 indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais anos, bem como realizado exame oftalmológico. Definição de cegueira e deficiência visual seguiu estudos prévios realizados no Nepal, China e Índia. RESULTADOS: As prevalências de acuidade visual apresentada e com a melhor correção óptica pior do que 20/400 em ambos os olhos foram 1,38 por cento (intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento: 0,69 por cento - 2,45 por cento) e 1,25 por cento (intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento: 0,60 por cento - 2,29 por cento). As de deficiência visual considerando a acuidade visual apresentada e com a melhor correção óptica foram, respectivamente, 24,16 por cento (intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento: 21,22 por cento - 27,28 por cento) e 12,77 por cento (intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento: 10,53 por cento - 15,28 por cento). Catarata foi a principal causa de cegueira (30,00 por cento) e deficiência visual (54,90 por cento). Cirurgia prévia de catarata foi realizada em 54 participantes (6,74 por cento) e 35,12 por cento mostraram acuidade visual com a melhor correção óptica melhor do que 20/60 em ambos os olhos. Houve considerável diminuição nas prevalências de deficiência visual e cegueira após a correção óptica. CONCLUSÃO: Catarata foi a principal causa de cegueira. Os resultados visuais ruins nos olhos operados reforçam a necessidade de serviços de boa qualidade e de seguimento pós-operatório cuidadoso.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blindness , Cataract , Cataract Extraction/adverse effects , Poverty , Visually Impaired Persons/statistics & numerical data , Blindness/classification , Blindness/epidemiology , Blindness/etiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cataract/complications , Cataract/epidemiology , Prevalence , Urban Population , Visual Acuity/physiology
4.
Rev. saúde pública ; 37(5): 609-615, out. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-348050

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of corneal esthesiometry for screening diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out comprising 575 patients attending a diabetic retinopathy-screening program in the city of São Paulo. Corneal esthesiometry was assessed with the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. The presence of diabetic retinopathy was detected with indirect fundoscopy. The validity of corneal esthesiometry in identifying diabetic retinopathy was evaluated by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity analyses of the corneal esthesiometry for detecting the stages of diabetic retinopathy using different cut-offs showed values less than 80 percent. The best indices (72.2 percent sensitivity and 57.4 percent specificity) were obtained for the identification of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: In the study series, corneal esthesiometry was not a good indicator of diabetic retinopathy.


Subject(s)
Mass Screening , Sensitivity and Specificity , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Cornea
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